What is an HSG? #

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a special type of X-ray procedure used to examine a woman’s uterus (womb) and fallopian tubes. It helps doctors assess the shape and structure of the uterus and whether the fallopian tubes are open or blocked which can be important in investigating infertility or recurrent miscarriages.

Why is an HSG done? #

Your doctor may recommend an HSG to:

• Check if your fallopian tubes are open or blocked.

• Assess the shape and structure of your uterus.

• Investigate causes of infertility or repeated miscarriages.

• Evaluate scarring, fibroids, or other abnormalities inside the uterus.

• Check the results of a tubal surgery (e.g., tubal ligation or reversal).

What happens during an HSG procedure? #

• You will lie on your back on the X-ray table.

• A speculum is gently inserted into your vagina, and a small tube (catheter) is placed through your cervix into the uterus.

• A special contrast dye is slowly injected through the catheter.

• X-ray images are taken in quick succession to track the dye as it flows through the uterus and fallopian tubes.

• The dye outlines these structures, allowing the doctor to see if the tubes are open and if the uterus has a normal shape.

The procedure usually takes about 15–30 minutes.

Does an HSG procedure hurt? #

Some women experience mild to moderate cramping during or shortly after the procedure, similar to menstrual cramps. The discomfort usually lasts only a few minutes. You may take mild pain relief (as advised by your imaging center) before or after the test.

How should I prepare for an HSG? #

• The test is usually done after your menstrual period but before ovulation (typically days 7–10 of your cycle) to avoid the possibility of pregnancy.

• Avoid sexual intercourse from the end of your period until after the procedure, to ensure you are not pregnant.

• Some imaging centres may ask you to come with a negative pregnancy test result before the examination.

• Inform your doctor or radiographer if you are or might be pregnant, have a pelvic infection, or have allergies to contrast dye or iodine.

Can I eat or drink before the HSG? #

Yes. There is no need to fast before an HSG. You can eat and drink normally.

What should I expect after the procedure? #

• You may have mild cramping or light vaginal spotting for a day or two.

• Avoid sexual intercourse, using tampons, or douching for 24–48 hours afterward to reduce the risk of infection.

• If you experience severe pain, heavy bleeding, fever, or foul-smelling discharge, contact your doctor immediately.

Are there any risks associated with an HSG? #

HSG is generally safe, but as with any medical procedure, there are some small risks, including:

• Mild infection or pelvic inflammation.

• Allergic reaction to the contrast dye.

• Light bleeding or cramping after the test.

Your radiographer will take precautions to minimize these risks.

Can an HSG improve my chances of getting pregnant? #

Some women conceive naturally shortly after an HSG, especially if the test clears minor blockages in the fallopian tubes. While this is not guaranteed, it is  a noted observation.

Can I have an HSG if I am pregnant? #

No. HSG should not be done during pregnancy because it involves X-rays and contrast dye, which can harm a developing baby. Always inform your doctor or radiographer if there is any chance you might be pregnant.

Conclusion #

An HSG is a valuable diagnostic test that helps evaluate the uterus and fallopian tubes. Though it can cause mild discomfort, it is quick, safe, and provides essential information for fertility evaluation and treatment planning.