Sialogram

A sialogram (sometimes called sialography) is a specialized, live X-ray scan (fluoroscopy) used to check your salivary glands. You have three main pairs of salivary glands that produce saliva: under your jaw, under your tongue, and in your cheeks. If you experience swelling, dry mouth, or pain in these areas, a sialogram helps determine if the ducts that drain saliva are blocked.

During the scan, a tiny plastic tube is inserted into the opening of the salivary duct inside your mouth, and a small amount of liquid dye (contrast) is gently injected. Live X-ray images are taken as the dye outlines the gland.

Common Indications for a Sialogram

• Investigating painful swelling in the cheeks or under the jaw, especially during or after eating.
• Detecting salivary gland stones (sialolithiasis).
• Checking for narrowing (strictures) or blockages in the salivary ducts.
• Evaluating salivary gland damage in patients with autoimmune disorders like Sjögren’s syndrome.
• Investigating recurring salivary gland infections.

What exactly does a sialogram show?

The scan shows the size and shape of your salivary glands and the branching network of ducts that carry saliva. It highlights the exact location of any stones, narrow sections, or blockages.

How should I prepare for a sialogram?

No special fasting is required. You should practice good oral hygiene by brushing your teeth and rinsing your mouth thoroughly before the scan. Tell the scan team if you have any dental implants or bridges in the area being scanned.

Do I need to stop taking medication?

No. Continue taking all your medications as normal. Tell the team if you have any allergies to contrast dye, iodine, or latex.

What happens when I arrive for my scan?

You will go to the fluoroscopy room. The radiographer will ask you to remove any dentures, jewelry, hairpins, or metal objects near your head and neck. You will lie on your back or sit in a specialized chair next to the X-ray machine.

How is the procedure performed?

You will open your mouth. The doctor will locate the tiny opening of the salivary duct inside your cheek or under your tongue. They may ask you to rinse with lemon juice beforehand to stimulate saliva, which makes the opening easier to find. A very thin, flexible plastic tube is gently guided into the duct opening. The doctor will slowly inject the contrast dye, and the radiographer will take X-rays from different angles. Once completed, the tube is removed, and you will be given a sour lozenge to stimulate saliva flow and naturally flush the dye out.

How long does a sialogram take?

The procedure takes about 30 to 45 minutes. Most of this time is spent locating the small duct opening.

Is there any discomfort?

You will feel some mild stretching pressure or a tight, warm sensation in your cheek or jaw as the contrast dye is injected to expand the gland. This can be slightly uncomfortable but should not be painful.

Are there risks?

Yes, but they are very small. There is a minor risk of a temporary infection or inflammation of the salivary gland. The procedure uses a very low dose of radiation, similar to a few weeks of natural background radiation.

Can children have this scan?

Yes. Children with recurrent salivary swelling can have this scan safely. The team uses smaller pediatric catheters.

Can I have this scan if I am pregnant?

When will I get my results?

A radiologist will review the images. A report will be sent to your referring doctor within 24 hours.

What if the scan finds something?

If a salivary stone or stricture is found, your referring doctor (often an ENT specialist) will discuss treatment options. These may include a simple procedure to wash out the stone, dilating the duct, or a minor surgery.

Conclusion

A sialogram is a highly detailed way to find blockages in your salivary system. To ensure a comfortable experience, practice good oral hygiene before the scan and drink plenty of fluids afterward to help clear the contrast dye.